{"id":"ember.ember-carbon-intensity.mdg.annual","dataset_id":"ember-carbon-intensity","indicator":"ember-carbon-intensity","geography":"MDG","frequency":"annual","unit":"gCO2e per kWh","start_period":"2000","end_period":"2024","org":"Ember","original_indicator":"Total generation / Emissions intensity (gCO2e/kWh)","url":"https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv","retrieved_at":"2026-11-05T23:59:57+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Madagascar","region":"Sub-Saharan Africa ","observations":[{"period":"2000","value":254.651,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":270.455,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":254.651,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":257.292,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":273.333,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":270.755,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":280.374,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":251.786,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":283.051,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":265.546,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":313.077,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":368.027,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":357.692,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":350.909,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":335.465,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":325.698,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":361.579,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":407.576,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":424.79,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":454.656,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":421.296,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":487.352,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":476.136,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":423.387,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":433.745,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Carbon intensity of electricity generation","topic":"Energy","source":"ember","provenance":{"organization":"Ember","original_indicator":"Total generation / Emissions intensity (gCO2e/kWh)","url":"https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv","retrieved_at":"2026-11-05T23:59:57+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}