{"id":"imf.imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing.jpn.annual","dataset_id":"imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing","indicator":"imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing","geography":"JPN","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1980","end_period":"2031","org":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXCNL_NGDP","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Japan","region":"East Asia & Pacific","observations":[{"period":"1980","value":-4.3,"flags":""},{"period":"1981","value":-3.8,"flags":""},{"period":"1982","value":-3.7,"flags":""},{"period":"1983","value":-3.9,"flags":""},{"period":"1984","value":-2.6,"flags":""},{"period":"1985","value":-1.3,"flags":""},{"period":"1986","value":-1.3,"flags":""},{"period":"1987","value":-0.4,"flags":""},{"period":"1988","value":0.5,"flags":""},{"period":"1989","value":1.2,"flags":""},{"period":"1990","value":1.9,"flags":""},{"period":"1991","value":1.6,"flags":""},{"period":"1992","value":0.6,"flags":""},{"period":"1993","value":-2.3,"flags":""},{"period":"1994","value":-3.7,"flags":""},{"period":"1995","value":-4.2,"flags":""},{"period":"1996","value":-4.8,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":-3.4,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":-9.9,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":-6.7,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":-7.2,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":-6.1,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":-7.2,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":-7.3,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":-5.3,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":-4.4,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":-3.0,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":-2.9,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":-4.1,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":-9.6,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":-9.1,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":-9.0,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":-8.2,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":-7.6,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":-5.6,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":-3.6,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":-3.6,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":-3.0,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":-2.4,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":-3.0,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":-9.0,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":-6.3,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":-4.2,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":-2.4,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":-1.7,"flags":""},{"period":"2025","value":-0.7,"flags":""},{"period":"2026","value":-1.4,"flags":""},{"period":"2027","value":-2.1,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2028","value":-2.7,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2029","value":-3.2,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2030","value":-3.6,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2031","value":-4.0,"flags":"projection"}],"indicator_name":"General government net lending/borrowing (IMF)","topic":"Public Sector","source":"imf","provenance":{"organization":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXCNL_NGDP","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}