{"id":"imf.imf-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as-overall.mdg.annual","dataset_id":"imf-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as-overall","indicator":"imf-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as-overall","geography":"MDG","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1990","end_period":"2031","org":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Madagascar","region":"Sub-Saharan Africa ","observations":[{"period":"1990","value":-0.49416730941507,"flags":""},{"period":"1991","value":-4.3981294843515,"flags":""},{"period":"1992","value":-5.003861735936,"flags":""},{"period":"1993","value":-6.3382174800617,"flags":""},{"period":"1994","value":-7.2329083593827,"flags":""},{"period":"1995","value":-5.0875507774735,"flags":""},{"period":"1996","value":-3.9706375808937,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":-1.9972514033349,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":-5.3077391787226,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":-2.420563571698,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":-2.3525375402812,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":-3.6144061540053,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":-4.0920460620657,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":-3.3216442014002,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":-4.2324138818558,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":-2.4747558870121,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":-5.7109954976298,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":-2.3075821033169,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":-1.7232026115345,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":-2.2613233309918,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":-0.76037583303643,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":-2.0431571713787,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":-2.2373116535717,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":-3.4029645192802,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":-1.9606860629959,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":-2.8502728507368,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":-1.1072338585617,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":-2.1028865537499,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":-1.3378426847734,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":-1.4207855501081,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":-3.956818444244,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":-2.8274300275048,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":-5.4544051330231,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":-4.1510682497512,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":-2.4862868269763,"flags":""},{"period":"2025","value":-2.0954628018583,"flags":""},{"period":"2026","value":-4.5342038320656,"flags":""},{"period":"2027","value":-3.8036292790874,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2028","value":-3.8485854339349,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2029","value":-3.7867233221582,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2030","value":-3.7029066735212,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2031","value":-3.5722009581889,"flags":"projection"}],"indicator_name":"Net lending/borrowing (also referred as overall balance) (IMF)","topic":"Economy","source":"imf","provenance":{"organization":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}