{"id":"imf.imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as.ben.annual","dataset_id":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","indicator":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","geography":"BEN","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1990","end_period":"2031","org":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Benin","region":"Sub-Saharan Africa ","observations":[{"period":"1990","value":-0.37647840499305,"flags":""},{"period":"1991","value":-0.59708648918365,"flags":""},{"period":"1992","value":0.78783160169144,"flags":""},{"period":"1993","value":1.9065212603788,"flags":""},{"period":"1994","value":0.81448194263857,"flags":""},{"period":"1995","value":-0.042864689425548,"flags":""},{"period":"1996","value":2.1184085577957,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":2.231970937736,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":3.4916800659473,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":2.5570191136499,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":-3.1296907077488,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":-2.701793342401,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":-2.796313557807,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":-0.67552466607071,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":-0.21890794508233,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":-1.3236783077636,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":0.00032787474190838,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":1.3004542047589,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":0.1961337912731,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":-1.9004039849075,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":0.099617770244666,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":-0.68562788466281,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":0.1912906839952,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":-1.0439066319551,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":-1.3711724002892,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":-5.0138471430519,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":-3.3844185198345,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":-2.7459637712437,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":-1.3767524216321,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":1.0350440749504,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":-2.7249870351409,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":-0.12257600421177,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":-3.7478740060159,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":-2.36184958927,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":-1.1200081447433,"flags":""},{"period":"2025","value":-0.69530310770333,"flags":""},{"period":"2026","value":-1.8178439005866,"flags":""},{"period":"2027","value":-1.6764871308293,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2028","value":-1.5737301721927,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2029","value":-1.549799426166,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2030","value":-1.5315902503444,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2031","value":-1.5243829744687,"flags":"projection"}],"indicator_name":"Primary net lending/borrowing (also referred as primary balance) (IMF)","topic":"Public Sector","source":"imf","provenance":{"organization":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}