{"id":"imf.imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as.chn.annual","dataset_id":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","indicator":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","geography":"CHN","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1990","end_period":"2031","org":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"China","region":"East Asia & Pacific","observations":[{"period":"1990","value":-0.48843678716433,"flags":""},{"period":"1991","value":-0.68670772552366,"flags":""},{"period":"1992","value":-0.69772811273135,"flags":""},{"period":"1993","value":-0.61852808921961,"flags":""},{"period":"1994","value":-1.3327966647607,"flags":""},{"period":"1995","value":-0.43555979458032,"flags":""},{"period":"1996","value":-0.19049834788798,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":0.011779370520411,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":-0.22504626507764,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":-1.6382009413552,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":-2.0821233340506,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":-1.8425639704237,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":-2.2868514717558,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":-1.6644245512002,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":-1.0232055435127,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":-0.95571791530087,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":-0.69015681665427,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":0.44216621434774,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":0.37811476890877,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":-1.2962287488266,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":0.087187832693982,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":0.38514231853577,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":0.18435716130427,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":-0.31974209337618,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":-0.12647212831686,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":-2.0006799520824,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":-2.6574156509512,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":-2.589248684358,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":-3.4000062606162,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":-5.1705674242044,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":-8.6831549794389,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":-5.0080449991183,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":-6.3953409222344,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":-5.7937451185868,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":-6.2897200449058,"flags":""},{"period":"2025","value":-6.9051648672724,"flags":""},{"period":"2026","value":-6.9417860381697,"flags":""},{"period":"2027","value":-7.124700566095,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2028","value":-6.8928453620585,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2029","value":-6.6328724593808,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2030","value":-6.4933449561819,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2031","value":-6.4481098692923,"flags":"projection"}],"indicator_name":"Primary net lending/borrowing (also referred as primary balance) (IMF)","topic":"Public Sector","source":"imf","provenance":{"organization":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}