{"id":"imf.imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as.esp.annual","dataset_id":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","indicator":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","geography":"ESP","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1990","end_period":"2031","org":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-05T23:59:57+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Spain","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1990","value":-1.0793212655747,"flags":""},{"period":"1991","value":-1.5548980490724,"flags":""},{"period":"1992","value":-0.66652682935591,"flags":""},{"period":"1993","value":-2.5475696334562,"flags":""},{"period":"1994","value":-2.2832278137354,"flags":""},{"period":"1995","value":-2.3830060900493,"flags":""},{"period":"1996","value":-1.3522965726276,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":0.21619705147301,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":1.0097937392788,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":1.8548758320145,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":1.6464654731774,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":2.0346440157613,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":1.9459975671696,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":1.6376327890338,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":1.6559329069285,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":2.7155912692512,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":3.3751054751556,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":2.9536695123434,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":-3.5256087563105,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":-9.9232984463974,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":-7.9672653171114,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":-7.7376039824458,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":-8.9624735994687,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":-4.5252190801558,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":-3.0895645503292,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":-2.6752533317634,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":-1.88456116698,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":-0.86570873759855,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":-0.39949648429896,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":-1.001028946088,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":-7.9989266870584,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":-4.722721805558,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":-2.4892740047519,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":-1.5424951396032,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":-1.4007361496521,"flags":""},{"period":"2025","value":-0.53117966026277,"flags":""},{"period":"2026","value":-0.2300565905211,"flags":""},{"period":"2027","value":-0.055537602967273,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2028","value":0.1080904852851,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2029","value":0.15571092197521,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2030","value":0.20769973237245,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2031","value":0.24123607873022,"flags":"projection"}],"indicator_name":"Primary net lending/borrowing (also referred as primary balance) (IMF)","topic":"Public Sector","source":"imf","provenance":{"organization":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-05T23:59:57+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}