{"id":"imf.imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as.eth.annual","dataset_id":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","indicator":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","geography":"ETH","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1990","end_period":"2031","org":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Ethiopia","region":"Sub-Saharan Africa ","observations":[{"period":"1990","value":-5.9617476436855,"flags":""},{"period":"1991","value":-5.0600199118667,"flags":""},{"period":"1992","value":-3.882330502639,"flags":""},{"period":"1993","value":-2.7225925958393,"flags":""},{"period":"1994","value":-3.0089143499928,"flags":""},{"period":"1995","value":-1.0152344235085,"flags":""},{"period":"1996","value":-2.2278166647443,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":-0.11889365114834,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":-2.0865924104717,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":-6.7996291145737,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":-7.2090584387258,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":-2.1853228263155,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":-4.2661531431226,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":-3.9452145354923,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":-1.4161669555422,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":-3.1803254102047,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":-2.9935035738271,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":-2.8711799769497,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":-2.429338519908,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":-0.55117312977447,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":-0.90944728785336,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":-1.2357921934133,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":-0.87349359492683,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":-1.5923954235409,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":-2.2246451091942,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":-1.5358298271943,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":-1.8392711910908,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":-2.7933409675277,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":-2.5031596353487,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":-2.030734343118,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":-2.3647887260152,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":-2.2141667882853,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":-3.5332170007214,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":-1.9739334115767,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":-1.4026102671958,"flags":""},{"period":"2025","value":-0.38757595361826,"flags":""},{"period":"2026","value":-0.65177649284689,"flags":""},{"period":"2027","value":0.070988223582593,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2028","value":-0.090042891116946,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2029","value":-0.2502142634491,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2030","value":-0.16894160655062,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2031","value":-0.089880570706433,"flags":"projection"}],"indicator_name":"Primary net lending/borrowing (also referred as primary balance) (IMF)","topic":"Public Sector","source":"imf","provenance":{"organization":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}