{"id":"imf.imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as.jpn.annual","dataset_id":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","indicator":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","geography":"JPN","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1990","end_period":"2031","org":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Japan","region":"East Asia & Pacific","observations":[{"period":"1990","value":3.0940059753952,"flags":""},{"period":"1991","value":2.6348113089305,"flags":""},{"period":"1992","value":1.6355666666537,"flags":""},{"period":"1993","value":-1.2177127920984,"flags":""},{"period":"1994","value":-2.6243734125653,"flags":""},{"period":"1995","value":-3.0741058003647,"flags":""},{"period":"1996","value":-3.5798244652095,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":-2.2669969729941,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":-8.6142364837666,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":-5.3615848509756,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":-5.8631219879174,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":-4.8305136274251,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":-5.9416503816369,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":-6.1113690793,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":-4.1762581174676,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":-3.5743813610086,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":-2.3673704968496,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":-2.1619035901655,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":-3.2349342980432,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":-8.6258317367952,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":-7.9935390221694,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":-7.835004848925,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":-7.020442164958,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":-6.5091021668698,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":-4.4958338042584,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":-2.6177216831922,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":-2.5319144573472,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":-2.1353555622798,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":-1.6637869509345,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":-2.3815835953539,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":-8.4167773166884,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":-5.7369725265109,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":-3.8118092532239,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":-2.1595609640484,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":-1.5412612301613,"flags":""},{"period":"2025","value":-0.51123316950277,"flags":""},{"period":"2026","value":-1.1723079747044,"flags":""},{"period":"2027","value":-1.4592572846675,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2028","value":-1.6340765192306,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2029","value":-1.825039702794,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2030","value":-1.9402362143009,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2031","value":-2.0861913599507,"flags":"projection"}],"indicator_name":"Primary net lending/borrowing (also referred as primary balance) (IMF)","topic":"Public Sector","source":"imf","provenance":{"organization":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}