{"id":"imf.imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as.mdg.annual","dataset_id":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","indicator":"imf-primary-net-lending-borrowing-also-referred-as","geography":"MDG","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1990","end_period":"2031","org":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Madagascar","region":"Sub-Saharan Africa ","observations":[{"period":"1990","value":0.689014640809,"flags":""},{"period":"1991","value":-2.734132955839,"flags":""},{"period":"1992","value":-2.2354604072454,"flags":""},{"period":"1993","value":-3.0165737111898,"flags":""},{"period":"1994","value":-2.6789776205876,"flags":""},{"period":"1995","value":-0.88584573442968,"flags":""},{"period":"1996","value":-0.18023389497078,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":0.53217335160351,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":-2.9956000225143,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":-0.58743997385294,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":-0.39818577397404,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":-1.96248871401,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":-2.2883472248005,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":-1.4198750498692,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":-1.7023210222139,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":-0.20316508301055,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":-3.6323978725368,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":-1.333504595726,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":-1.0282433061156,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":-1.5783128730064,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":-0.051468202818616,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":-1.3153145957243,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":-1.6272383698683,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":-2.8243023869031,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":-1.4897957528365,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":-2.1569419096416,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":-0.36780138242563,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":-1.4075819858094,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":-0.56888386645967,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":-0.72322801166597,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":-3.2254587014069,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":-2.183730848896,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":-4.9034123983632,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":-3.4533193450898,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":-1.8595461619368,"flags":""},{"period":"2025","value":-1.4135486654268,"flags":""},{"period":"2026","value":-3.6161713166777,"flags":""},{"period":"2027","value":-2.9970727007887,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2028","value":-3.0198398715703,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2029","value":-3.0161854264132,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2030","value":-3.0198544075404,"flags":"projection"},{"period":"2031","value":-3.0440442482706,"flags":"projection"}],"indicator_name":"Primary net lending/borrowing (also referred as primary balance) (IMF)","topic":"Public Sector","source":"imf","provenance":{"organization":"International Monetary Fund","original_indicator":"GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}