{"id":"uis.uis-read-lowersec-gpia.esp.annual","dataset_id":"uis-read-lowersec-gpia","indicator":"uis-read-lowersec-gpia","geography":"ESP","frequency":"annual","unit":"parity index (1 = parity)","start_period":"2000","end_period":"2022","org":"UIS","original_indicator":"READ.LOWERSEC.GPIA","url":"https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/indicators/READ.LOWERSEC.GPIA","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Spain","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"2000","value":1.100417971611023,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":1.156213402748108,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":1.164878487586975,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":1.115272045135498,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":1.118439197540283,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":1.077919006347656,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":1.113979299164484,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Proportion of students at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in reading, adjusted gender parity index","topic":"Education","source":"uis","provenance":{"organization":"UIS","original_indicator":"READ.LOWERSEC.GPIA","url":"https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/indicators/READ.LOWERSEC.GPIA","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}