{"id":"uis.uis-read-lowersec-native.esp.annual","dataset_id":"uis-read-lowersec-native","indicator":"uis-read-lowersec-native","geography":"ESP","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"2000","end_period":"2022","org":"UIS","original_indicator":"READ.LOWERSEC.NATIVE","url":"https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/indicators/READ.LOWERSEC.NATIVE","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Spain","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"2000","value":84.75,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":79.76,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":76.22,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":82.91,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":84.11,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":85.88848844209986,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":78.64999999999999,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Proportion of students at the end of lower secondary education achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in reading, non-immigrant background, both sexes","topic":"Education","source":"uis","provenance":{"organization":"UIS","original_indicator":"READ.LOWERSEC.NATIVE","url":"https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/indicators/READ.LOWERSEC.NATIVE","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}