{"id":"uis.uis-read-primary-lowses.esp.annual","dataset_id":"uis-read-primary-lowses","indicator":"uis-read-primary-lowses","geography":"ESP","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"2006","end_period":"2021","org":"UIS","original_indicator":"READ.PRIMARY.LOWSES","url":"https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/indicators/READ.PRIMARY.LOWSES","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Spain","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"2006","value":80.40738817565475,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":84.70087725572553,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":94.02715317438991,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":86.33250704402907,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Proportion of students at the end of primary education achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in reading, very poor socioeconomic background, both sexes","topic":"Education","source":"uis","provenance":{"organization":"UIS","original_indicator":"READ.PRIMARY.LOWSES","url":"https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/indicators/READ.PRIMARY.LOWSES","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}