{"id":"worldbank.expense-zs.mdg.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-expense-zs","indicator":"expense-zs","geography":"MDG","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"2003","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Madagascar","region":"Sub-Saharan Africa ","observations":[{"period":"2003","value":9.64041187128852,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":10.856450124413,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":9.49790798658622,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":10.0017913811215,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":9.67877466668648,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":9.47684987595102,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":7.72436739302988,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":8.57346348699551,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":8.93506573962959,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":8.75653017319682,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":9.40419644416597,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":9.85274238142876,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":9.55868886975373,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":9.31726443885761,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":10.5891148272501,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":9.83236458371751,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":10.1328730758179,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":11.7977522158693,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":10.6901257901144,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":9.92630291329413,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":11.0354551048712,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Expense (% of GDP)","topic":"Economy","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}