{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.arg.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"ARG","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Argentina","region":"Latin America & Caribbean ","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":0.41749,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":0.41959,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":0.41131,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":0.45337,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":0.43884,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":0.4246,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":0.38886,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":0.41012,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":0.40376,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":0.42075,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":0.45216,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":0.46007,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":0.47055,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":0.58398,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":0.56104,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":0.56597,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":0.63491,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":0.61849,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":0.59396,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":0.62262,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":0.55815,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":0.55632,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":0.4883,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":0.47813,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":0.54126,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":0.5236,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":0.54951,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":0.60111,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}