{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.aus.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"AUS","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2021","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Australia","region":"East Asia & Pacific","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":1.66218,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":1.51351,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":1.57198,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":1.74654,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":1.84802,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":2.17862,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":2.39898,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":2.3702,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":2.23459,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":2.17733,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":1.91969,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":1.88102,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":1.82826,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":1.85783,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}