{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.can.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"CAN","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2024","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Canada","region":"North America","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":1.60682,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":1.61386,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":1.71051,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":1.74984,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":1.85849,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":2.02116,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":1.9717,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":1.96782,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":1.99735,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":1.97127,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":1.94304,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":1.90358,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":1.85578,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":1.91742,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":1.82504,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":1.78714,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":1.77303,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":1.70624,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":1.71482,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":1.6936,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":1.72903,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":1.68702,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":1.7372,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":1.75578,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":1.93413,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":1.87064,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":1.81291,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":1.81048,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":1.7908,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}