{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.chn.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"CHN","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"China","region":"East Asia & Pacific","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":0.56014,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":0.63467,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":0.64185,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":0.74295,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":0.88409,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":0.92948,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":1.04418,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":1.10465,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":1.19732,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":1.29008,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":1.34923,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":1.35321,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":1.4233,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":1.6366,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":1.68456,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":1.75244,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":1.88095,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":1.96246,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":1.98475,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":2.01703,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":2.0595,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":2.07771,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":2.10232,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":2.20144,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":2.35712,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":2.38165,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":2.4945,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":2.57729,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}