{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.cze.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"CZE","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Czechia","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":0.88366,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":0.98251,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":1.05423,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":1.04295,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":1.10377,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":1.09343,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":1.09272,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":1.13817,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":1.13619,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":1.15998,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":1.22564,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":1.2967,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":1.2352,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":1.28943,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":1.31352,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":1.5323,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":1.757,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":1.86743,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":1.94392,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":1.906,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":1.65411,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":1.74513,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":1.87652,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":1.89547,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":1.94537,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":1.93302,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":1.89089,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":1.83369,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}