{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.deu.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"DEU","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Germany","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":2.13663,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":2.18161,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":2.20748,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":2.32772,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":2.38654,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":2.3792,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":2.40856,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":2.44232,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":2.40278,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":2.40266,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":2.43043,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":2.41918,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":2.57152,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":2.68864,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":2.67632,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":2.75016,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":2.82499,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":2.78067,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":2.82218,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":2.87725,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":2.88393,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":2.9886,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":3.05057,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":3.11256,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":3.0897,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":3.0786,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":3.07096,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":3.1539,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}