{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.egy.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"EGY","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2024","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Egypt","region":"Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":0.2126,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":0.19756,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":0.1991,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":0.18651,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":0.19247,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":0.26994,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":0.24141,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":0.25903,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":0.2551,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":0.27024,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":0.43312,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":0.43345,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":0.53154,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":0.50899,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":0.63895,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":0.63649,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":0.71858,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":0.70848,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":0.64486,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":0.68839,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":0.79617,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":0.91564,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":0.91175,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":1.01968,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":1.03356,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":1.01757,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}