{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.est.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"EST","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1998","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Estonia","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1998","value":0.56501,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":0.67708,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":0.6,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":0.69889,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":0.71182,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":0.76445,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":0.84566,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":0.91687,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":1.11259,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":1.05869,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":1.25182,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":1.39673,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":1.57892,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":2.29632,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":2.10485,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":1.70141,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":1.40794,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":1.44125,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":1.21835,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":1.25152,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":1.38298,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":1.59093,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":1.72614,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":1.75152,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":1.76094,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":1.83878,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T23:22:27+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}