{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.fin.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"FIN","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Finland","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":2.45511,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":2.6226,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":2.78542,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":3.05687,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":3.24271,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":3.19405,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":3.25409,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":3.29898,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":3.30943,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":3.32412,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":3.33285,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":3.33727,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":3.53719,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":3.73427,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":3.70524,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":3.62434,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":3.4095,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":3.28462,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":3.16344,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":2.88826,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":2.74716,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":2.74723,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":2.77601,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":2.81534,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":2.93278,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":3.01133,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":2.982,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":3.0938,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}