{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.gbr.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"GBR","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"United Kingdom","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":1.5754,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":1.53729,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":1.54777,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":1.62268,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":1.60963,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":1.59544,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":1.61383,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":1.58131,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":1.53089,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":1.55004,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":1.57625,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":1.6183,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":1.60901,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":1.66991,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":1.63887,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":1.64681,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":1.57587,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":1.62096,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":2.26488,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":2.27566,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":2.32051,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":2.32602,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":2.70889,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":2.6707,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":2.93993,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":2.89968,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":2.75224,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":2.67614,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}