{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.irq.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"IRQ","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"2007","end_period":"2021","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Iraq","region":"Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan","observations":[{"period":"2007","value":0.04554,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":0.03435,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":0.04562,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":0.03684,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":0.03476,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":0.03835,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":0.04017,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":0.03737,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":0.04596,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":0.04279,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":0.03266,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":0.04053,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":0.0407,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}