{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.isl.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"ISL","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1997","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Iceland","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1997","value":1.79808,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":1.95098,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":2.23507,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":2.57201,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":2.83989,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":2.8212,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":2.7055,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":2.67969,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":2.85265,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":2.53294,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":2.46413,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":2.59713,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":2.40366,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":1.69237,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":1.93616,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":2.18137,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":2.11011,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":2.08365,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":2.00081,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":2.34018,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":2.4864,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":2.78171,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":2.60089,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":2.64005,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}