{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.isr.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"ISR","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Israel","region":"Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":2.4753,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":2.69533,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":2.80723,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":3.21199,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":3.81316,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":4.05338,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":3.99197,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":3.76142,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":3.74703,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":3.91123,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":4.01416,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":4.28533,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":4.24165,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":4.01799,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":3.8421,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":3.91608,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":4.06028,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":4.10651,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":4.19613,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":4.29761,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":4.59051,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":4.74032,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":4.91965,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":5.35528,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":5.83209,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":5.75725,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":6.17831,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":6.34589,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}