{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.kwt.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"KWT","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1997","end_period":"2024","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Kuwait","region":"Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan","observations":[{"period":"1997","value":0.20538,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":0.25796,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":0.19763,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":0.12542,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":0.17884,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":0.18001,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":0.14347,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":0.1301,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":0.10083,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":0.08479,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":0.08585,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":0.08551,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":0.11213,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":0.1014,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":0.09898,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":0.09721,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":0.30153,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":0.42705,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":0.0966,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":0.07985,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":0.0804,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":0.06329,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":0.18512,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":0.17805,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":0.0801,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":0.09547,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":0.08954,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}