{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.mda.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"MDA","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2024","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Moldova, Republic of","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":0.87296,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":0.80679,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":0.32405,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":0.34903,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":0.39865,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":0.40622,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":0.54557,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":0.53463,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":0.52557,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":0.3665,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":0.33764,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":0.34907,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":0.29783,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":0.31463,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":0.30735,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":0.28005,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":0.25789,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":0.25626,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":0.24145,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":0.23511,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":0.23154,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":0.22959,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":0.22111,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":0.21589,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}