{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.per.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"PER","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1997","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Peru","region":"Latin America & Caribbean ","observations":[{"period":"1997","value":0.0836,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":0.10072,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":0.09849,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":0.11266,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":0.11096,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":0.10614,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":0.10813,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":0.15578,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":0.08282,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":0.0553,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":0.08174,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":0.10805,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":0.11702,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":0.12008,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":0.12085,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":0.12683,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":0.15696,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":0.17229,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":0.13754,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":0.16206,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":0.17611,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}