{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.rus.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"RUS","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2024","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Russian Federation","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":0.96591,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":1.04374,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":0.95383,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":0.99623,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":1.04983,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":1.17694,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":1.24652,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":1.28604,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":1.15133,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":1.06797,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":1.07294,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":1.11611,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":1.04435,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":1.25192,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":1.1302,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":1.01545,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":1.02766,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":1.02732,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":1.07241,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":1.10085,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":1.10238,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":1.10967,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":0.99001,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":1.03531,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":1.09099,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":0.96602,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":0.91494,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":0.93518,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":0.93706,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}