{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.swe.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"SWE","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1997","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Sweden","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1997","value":3.27265,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":3.37825,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":3.87215,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":3.5823,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":3.36628,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":3.3641,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":3.47963,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":3.24176,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":3.49083,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":3.41266,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":3.18756,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":3.20686,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":3.24636,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":3.27557,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":3.12457,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":3.24088,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":3.25643,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":3.39374,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":3.34602,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":3.39847,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":3.50181,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":3.41565,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":3.47239,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":3.59978,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}