{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.ukr.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"UKR","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1997","end_period":"2024","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"Ukraine","region":"Europe & Central Asia","observations":[{"period":"1997","value":1.1923,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":1.06993,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":0.96968,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":0.92904,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":0.98944,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":0.96269,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":1.07166,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":1.04392,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":0.99518,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":0.91403,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":0.81869,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":0.80991,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":0.82596,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":0.80278,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":0.7109,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":0.72363,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":0.733,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":0.65034,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":0.61477,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":0.48339,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":0.44878,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":0.47113,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":0.43384,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":0.40318,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":0.38478,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":0.32673,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":0.32209,"flags":""},{"period":"2024","value":0.36988,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}