{"id":"worldbank.research-and-development-expenditure.usa.annual","dataset_id":"worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure","indicator":"research-and-development-expenditure","geography":"USA","frequency":"annual","unit":"percent","start_period":"1996","end_period":"2023","org":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","geography_name":"United States","region":"North America","observations":[{"period":"1996","value":2.45013,"flags":""},{"period":"1997","value":2.47714,"flags":""},{"period":"1998","value":2.49621,"flags":""},{"period":"1999","value":2.54362,"flags":""},{"period":"2000","value":2.61982,"flags":""},{"period":"2001","value":2.63715,"flags":""},{"period":"2002","value":2.54746,"flags":""},{"period":"2003","value":2.55014,"flags":""},{"period":"2004","value":2.48685,"flags":""},{"period":"2005","value":2.50192,"flags":""},{"period":"2006","value":2.54545,"flags":""},{"period":"2007","value":2.61516,"flags":""},{"period":"2008","value":2.74481,"flags":""},{"period":"2009","value":2.7918,"flags":""},{"period":"2010","value":2.71443,"flags":""},{"period":"2011","value":2.73803,"flags":""},{"period":"2012","value":2.67272,"flags":""},{"period":"2013","value":2.69591,"flags":""},{"period":"2014","value":2.70882,"flags":""},{"period":"2015","value":2.77328,"flags":""},{"period":"2016","value":2.83677,"flags":""},{"period":"2017","value":2.88315,"flags":""},{"period":"2018","value":2.98956,"flags":""},{"period":"2019","value":3.14297,"flags":""},{"period":"2020","value":3.41788,"flags":""},{"period":"2021","value":3.4689,"flags":""},{"period":"2022","value":3.48736,"flags":""},{"period":"2023","value":3.44716,"flags":""}],"indicator_name":"Research and development expenditure","topic":"Science","source":"worldbank","provenance":{"organization":"World Bank","original_indicator":"GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","url":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2","retrieved_at":"2026-11-07T07:57:03+00:00","version":"1","license":"see source"}}